Shabbat Parashat Tazria Metzora 5778

Parashat Hashavua: A Schemer Who Missed the Message of Tzara’at

In the last few weeks, we learned how David’s nephew Yonadav ben Shama ostensibly was trying to help David’s son Amnon fulfill his desire but was actually trying to cause problems in David’s family that would enable him to become king. This week we will see that Achitofel did a similar thing – while ostensibly helping Avshalom take over the kingdom from his father, David, Achitofel was actually manipulating to pave the way for his own kingdom. We will approach the matter through the topic of tzara’at (leprosy), which is so much at the heart of our parshiyot.

The Torah prohibits cutting off tzara’at lesions from the skin. An exception is if the tzara’at is on the skin that must be removed as part of a brit mila (Shabbat 132b), as the great mitzva of mila pushes off the prohibition.

The gemara (Sanhedrin 101b) relates that there were three (groups of) people who thought they received a reliable prophecy but were mistaken. One was Nevat, the father of Yeravam. A second (a group) were the astrologers of Pharaoh. The third was Achitofel. Achitofel was mistaken in regard to the tzara’at that he saw on his male organ. He thought that this was a sign that he would be king, while in truth it was a sign that he would have a descendent who would be king (Shlomo’s mother, Batsheva, was Achitofel’s granddaughter).

The Yad Rama (ad loc.) develops Achitofel’s thought process and actions. Achitofel decided to support Avshalom’s rebellion because he figured that he did not have a chance to dethrone David, who was brave, wise, and popular with the people. He reasoned that he could be a simple advisor to Avshalom in his removal of David, and later he could dethrone Avshalom, who lacked his father’s positive attributes.

Achitofel was himself an unprecedented Torah authority. “The counsel of Achitofel in those days was like asking for the word of Hashem” (Shmuel II, 16:23). So it is not shocking that he saw great things for himself, and he even believed that the tzara’at at the place of the mila was a sign that he would have unusual fertility, which he connected to great leadership. He did not realize that the hint was the opposite, that tzara’at should remind one to make himself humble, just as the mila instructs a person to curb his desires.

Returning to his mistake, Achitofel thought that he had a better chance at rebelling against Avshalom if he succeeded at overthrowing David. It is easier to be a legitimate alternative to someone who had slept with his father’s concubines than to rebel against a brave tzaddik. Achitofel had a good plan for Avshalom: attack David while he was down and before he had a chance to regroup and renew support for himself. It took divine intervention to overcome the plan, as the navi writes explicitly (Shmuel II, 17:14). When Achitofel saw that his plan was ruined from Above, he gave up all hope and went home and committed suicide (ibid. 23).

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